Essentials in analyzing adaptive/predictive signals

What is a DSP?
Digital signal processing; The study of signals in a digital representation and the processing methods of these signals; Digital signal processor; A specialized microprocessor designed specifically for digital signal processing, generally in real-time.

What is Filter?
In signal processing, a filter is a device or process that removes from a signal some unwanted component or feature. Filtering is a class of signal processing, the defining feature of filters being the complete or partial suppression of some aspect of the signal. Filters can be classified as analog or digital.